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Breast reconstruction options after lumpectomy or mastectomy

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breast reconstruction options

For many breast cancer patients, undergoing a lumpectomy or mastectomy is a life-altering event that can significantly affect your self-image, confidence, and overall well-being. Fortunately, modern surgical techniques offer various breast reconstruction options to help women regain a sense of normalcy and feel comfortable in their bodies once again. The decision on which is right for you depends on factors such as your overall health, personal preferences, and the specifics of your cancer treatment (such as radiation being a part of your plan).

From implant-based and autologous tissue reconstruction to aesthetic flat closure and fat grafting, understanding your options for breast reconstruction is a crucial step in regaining control over your body after a breast cancer diagnosis. By exploring the available techniques and discussing them with your healthcare team, you can find the most suitable solution that aligns with your own goals and lifestyle. Let this overview guide be your starting point in making an informed choice and taking the first step toward healing, both physically and emotionally.

There are three main types of breast reconstruction surgeries:

1. Implant-based reconstruction

This popular option for breast reconstruction involves the use of saline or silicone gel-filled implants to recreate the shape and volume of the breast. The procedure typically consists of one or two stages, depending on your individual needs and preferences.

Two-stage reconstruction (Tissue Expander and Implant): In the first stage, a tissue expander is placed underneath the chest muscle and skin, following the mastectomy or lumpectomy. Over time, the expander is gradually filled with saline, stretching the skin and muscle to make room for the final implant. Once the desired size is achieved, the second stage of the process involves removing the tissue expander and replacing it with a permanent saline or silicone implant. This two-stage approach is more common when there’s insufficient skin or muscle available to accommodate the implant immediately after the mastectomy.

Direct-to-implant or one-stage reconstruction: In some cases, the permanent implant can be placed immediately after the mastectomy, without the need for a tissue expander. This is also known as a single-stage or immediate reconstruction. This option is typically considered for patients who have enough skin and muscle available to support the implant right away.

2. Autologous or “flap” reconstruction

This breast reconstruction option uses tissue from another part of your body, such as the abdomen, back, or buttocks, to recreate the breast. There are several of these autologous reconstruction methods, each having its own unique benefits, risks, and recovery times. Factors such as your overall health, body shape, and previous treatments can influence which technique is most suitable.

TRAM flap: The TRAM flap uses tissue from the patient’s lower abdomen to recreate the breast after a mastectomy. The procedure involves the transfer of skin, fat, and a portion of the rectus abdominis muscle (one of the muscles in the abdominal wall) from the abdomen to the chest area and provides ample tissue to recreate the breast, resulting in a natural appearance and feel. However, it may weaken the abdominal muscles and requires a longer recovery period compared to other options.

DIEP flap: The DIEP flap offers similar benefits to the TRAM flap, with a more natural look and feel. It preserves the abdominal muscles, reducing the risk of complications like hernias. However, it requires a skilled microsurgeon to perform the procedure, and the surgery time is generally longer.

LAT flap: The LAT flap is a good option for women who don’t have enough abdominal tissue for a TRAM or DIEP flap. The back muscle used in this procedure is not as crucial for core strength, resulting in a lower risk of hernias. However, the resulting breast may not have the same natural feel as a TRAM or DIEP flap.

SGAP and IGAP flaps: These options are ideal for women who cannot undergo abdominal-based procedures. They use the gluteal tissue, offering a more natural feel. The surgery is complex and requires specialized expertise and the recovery period can be more extended compared to other options.

TUG flap: The TUG flap uses tissue from the patient’s inner thighs and is suitable for women with limited abdominal or gluteal tissue. It provides a natural feel, but the amount of tissue available may be less than with other options. The procedure may also leave a scar on the inner thigh.

3. Aesthetic flat closure

In this breast reconstruction option, instead of recreating a breast mound using implants or autologous tissue, aesthetic flat closure focuses on creating a smooth, flat chest wall contour with a well-healed scar. This option is chosen by some patients who do not wish to undergo further breast reconstruction but still want a pleasing appearance to their chest wall.

The procedure involves carefully closing the surgical site after a mastectomy, paying close attention to the removal of excess skin and fat and ensuring that the remaining skin is sutured evenly and without tension. The goal is to create a smooth, symmetrical, and aesthetically pleasing chest wall that allows for comfortable and easy movement. It is essential to have a clear understanding of the desired outcome and to ensure that your surgeon is experienced in performing aesthetic flat closures to achieve the best possible result.

With any surgical decision, it’s crucial to discuss your options with your healthcare team, including your surgeon and oncologist, to determine the most appropriate approach for your specific situation.

Have questions about treatment options available to you? Use the Ask Outcomes4Me feature in our app and our team of oncology nurses will answer.


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